Industrial PRESS units are divided into two primary groups, single-action and double-action. A single-action PRESS unit has a mechanism that guides drawing slide. A double-action PRESS unit has a blank holder mechanism as well. A double-action PRESS die has more weight and is more expensive than a single-action one. For the following reasons, single action die, uses for double action PRESS that blank holder mechanism is not in use in this situation and unit changes to single action. The conclusion of this work is the dynamics and stress analysis of the later state. In this work, for a kinematics analysis, a mathematical model of the mechanism is presented. Later, a dynamics analysis of the double-action mechanism with a standard die and with a small die of a single-action state is provided. This work is concluded by the stress analysis of the two states. Conclusions yield that the use of a single-action die for a double-action PRESS increases the force and stress in the ram mechanism joints. Thus this usage in the double-action PRESS increases the failure chance in the PRESS mechanism.

In this Research in order to recognize the approaches of local PRESS to the 9th Iran s presidential election, the related news contents of nine Newspapers with three (Right, Left & center) political tendencies were studied. The Statistical Sample of this research was the formal period of presidential political advertising (sixteen days) from May 26th 2005 till June 12th of 2005 (cxcepl off days). On the whole, 1572 articles were studied in 24 Categories. The Method of this research is content analysis. SPSS Software & X2 Test were used to study theelection s News Coverage.The research findings showed that between the three tendencies of the studied PRESS, all the articles had meaningful difference except the Headline in front page. The Results showed: In Local PRESS Nationalism is more than Localism. There is less attention to local Issues in the local PRESS.Bias to the candidate is positive In news, the fame value for local authorities is more than national Ones.

Civil society and democracy still remain as the most important characteristics of many countries in the contemporary world. Civil society consists of a range of none-governmental institutions that can impose powerful influence on the state. The key research question in the present analysis refers to how the concept of civil society has been represented in the PRESS of Iran. The analysis focuses on the PRESS of two main political parties in Iran: Reformists and Fundamentalists. Generally speaking, the research findings of the present analysis indicate that the representation of civil society in the PRESS occurs through its three main components: state, citizenship, social participation. This general pattern applies similarly to the newspapers of both reformists and fundamentalists. However, more detailed analysis explores that this common pattern has been represented differently in the PRESS of these two main parties: on the one hand, the representation of the concept of civil society in the reformist newspapers is significantly connected with democratic measures and public regulation. On the other hand, religious measures play a more evident predominant role in the representation of the concept of civil society in the fundamentalist newspapers, leading to the creation of a religious term for civil society so-called ‘Madianatol-Nabi’ (the city of the Prophet Mohammad). Finally, political discourse also imposes a powerful influence on the representation of these key concept and term in both reformist and fundamentalist PRESS.

Declining of PRESS circulations is one of the most important challenges face by the PRESS in Iran and the world today. We have studied this issue in a research work titled "Reasons behind the decrease the PRESS Circulations in Iran from the perspective of journalism and communication professors of Tehran universities" with a qualitative method and based on in-depth interviews. The statistical population of this study includes twelve university professors who have work experience or PRESS management background. To start with, a list of Tehran universities that had a journalism or communications department and a list of professors in the target group were prepared. And in a survey of professors in the same group, the most experienced people in the field of research, were selected. After interviewing individuals, significant propositions were extracted from each interview and organized and analyzed for making general classification. The results showed that six categories of cultural, political, economic, legal, technological and organizational causes are responsible for decline of the PRESS circulations. Meanwhile, technological and economic reasons have had the greatest impact on reducing the circulation of all sorts of published PRESS in Iran.

Any activity in the community including social and political activities as well as the media activities – whether it is overt or covert - always takes place under a range of what it is called red lines. The red lines define the boundaries of identity in the society which any violation of it, would made it changed. In this descriptive - qualitative as well as quantitative study, library method used for data collection and Content and theoretical framework. In this way, the study has been considered the media normative systems presented by Dennis Macquail. Due to lack of red lines resources in Iran and its uncertainty, attention were paid to the researcher's designed questionnaire with 36 questions based on Likert scale. These questions have been extracted by depth interviews with a number of journalists. The population of this study includes all available communication and journalism professors and experts. The research's main aims is to identify the possible red lines' sources. The research findings showed that Iran's red lines are not confined in the rules but there are a number of factors which can determine, restrict and/ or expand the Iran's news deterrence criteria.

Management is one of the most important attempts of human being and all managers in any organization or has a main duty to design and keeping the environment that people of them could perform the purposes and their responsibilities by cooperation and in a group, management and in the PRESS also has these kind of characteristics, PRESS managers like other organizational managers should be familiar with basis and principles of scientific managing and knows that the thing that can lead an organization environment to the standards are accurate and scientific recognition of management. Tylor had summarized the characteristics of scientific managing into 3 factors.1- Making unit science for doing any kind of work2- Scientific selection of staffs and educating them3- Friendly behavior of manager and the staffsManagers are located at the center of a pentagonal that its branches include: customers, organization, individuals itself, people and working groups, work (managing)A successful manager should pay attention to mentioned matters and apply a correct management. Human resource of the organization (people and working staff) is one of the most precious matters of this pentagonal for PRESS managers. So managers of these organizations should apply their knowledge and managing information to provide appropriate and product do the work (news) by providing a suitable managements on these organizations.Management of PRESS organizations fall into managing and cultural areas and cultural managers like other managers should find ways of success inhuman managing and has benefit it also they should know that in managing human resources they have managing of some experts In cultural matters and mostly political-social, people who has new idea and thinking and they can be propound in organization for following their targets. Obviously an aging in these people if become co operational can give the best solution for meeting the organization's needs, in partnership managing people are involved in any decision made by the organization, using commission, meeting, debate and group discussion, suggestion box, asking for opinion and referring to public ideas and thoughts like mechanisms and solutions that can be applied In these kinds of managing.Some, because of factors like high risk of partnership managing ignore it but us seems that by using economical theories and that an able manager can recognize that when and to what extend can he/she appreciate partnership and use the best available ones.Unfortunately from what has been reached by different studies and researches, from the historical view, in Iran PRESS is assigned as only a political work and does not pay attention to it as a professional work as this matter include some kinds of PRESS like athletic PRESS, scientific, … which has no significant meaning with political matters. PRESS managers by using PRESS as a means of transmitting ideas and political thoughts has forgot a cultural and professional managing and is just for advertising and distributing their political thoughts in their organizations, the things they face as news has nothing to do with public interest not in acts and not even in enthusiastic (important news principles). PRESS managers by using political grading by different excuses to political goals of higher power has the state of partiality and forgot that their main responsibilities of themselves is to transmit accurate, transparent and full news. According to research that has happened between three original newspapers of Tehran which was active in 10 years, majority of journalists claim that the current condition of PRESS in Iran is very far from the favorable ones and by their answers the claim that Iran PRESS and working in them is just political and not professional they also claim that in the current condition of Iran managers and editors prefer their own dogmatism and ideas than not distortion of events, giving low grades to PRESS managers is today's Iran's problem and also not having scientific awarnece and heralds of PRESS managing and ignores partical and lateral function of others, respondent journalists, claims that partnership managing is the best of all due to the fact that PRESS managers having profession and high experience in their fields and claims that this kind of managing are suitable for their organizations, results of these researches shows that Islamic revolution did not have any positive effect on PRESS management, also opens more gatekeeper, even political changes of reformation also does not change the current atmosphere of PRESS managers which is in the country.

This research tries to answer this question: what is the position of Entrepreneurship in the Iranian PRESS? It is an applied research which uses mixed method. Through purposive sampling, 220 issue of PRESS issue with high circulation were surveyed. Also documentary method and deep content analysis were implied in theoretical and practical parts of the research. Data analysis phase uses both descriptive and deductive statistics by M. R. P software. The findings of this study show that entrepreneurship contents do not have proper situations in the PRESS and on average, only 5 percent of the content and the volume of PRESS is devoted to entrepreneurship. They have reflected entrepreneurship events, but have not paid any attention to the educational role and important issue such as entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial skills, women Entrepreneurship, rural Entrepreneurship, and organizational entrepreneurship. And reflection of entrepreneurship activity in economic PRESS such as the Bazaar-e-kar and Donyaye Eghtesad Newspaper is relatively in good social PRESS such as Hamshshri and Jam-e-jam Newspapers had considered to this matter. Also based on these results, after naming 27 July as Entrepreneurship day of the PRESS paid little attention to this issue.

In this study, effects of PRESS temperature and PRESS time on the physical and mechanical properties on the OSB has made from Aspen were investigated. Two levels of PRESS temperature 175oC and 1850C and two levels of PRESS time 5 min and 6 min were applied as variables for manufacturing boards. Mechanical and physical properties such as bending strength, internal bond, water absorption and thickness swelling were measured. Results showed that, increase in PRESS temperature and PRESS time causes significant increase on bending strength, internal bond, water absorption and thickness swelling. The best boards were made of PRESS temperature of 185ºC and PRESS time 5 minutes.